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मराठा or Maratha country was some region in the Western Maharashtra or Desh or Deccan region and Konkan region of present day Maharashtra. The word "मराठा" is pronounced as "mara-tha". The word originates from "महाराठा", which in turn is a strong T form of the word महारथा. महारथा means a man with ability to defeat 10,000 bowmen. It is a degree of excellence. From this it should be easy to see that they are not a tightly-bound ethnic group, but rather a confederacy of skilled people. However in present day, the word मराठी (''marathi'') denotes a group of people who speak the Indo-Aryan language of the same name, and live in the state of Maharashtra. The Prakrit word Maratha is found in Jain Maharashtri literature.〔Udyotan Suri's Kuvalayamala of the eighth century.〕 In the tenth century Al-Biruni mentions the Maratha region with Thane as its capital.The Shepherds of Maratha country are called Dhangar, not Maratha. The maratha samaj comprises 96 clans of Marathas of rajput origin, and a larger Kunbi-yeoman class of people. (Maratha (Singular) / Marathe (Plural)/ Bar-hatta, i.e. Hatkar) (Hatkars of Western Maharashtra and Konkan are also called Maratha Dhangar). 〔The Castes and Tribes of H. E. H. The Nizam’s Dominions, Bombay. 1920, pp. 248–66.〕〔S.B. Joshi. ’Etymology of place-names’, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 13, 1952, 5066;〕〔also see Sontheimer. Pastoral Deities of Western India. London, 1989, p. 127.〕〔Landscapes in Conflict: Flocks, Hero-stones, and Cult in early medieval Maharashtra. Ajay Dandekar. Centre For Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University〕〔see also modern day Marathwada(Bar/ Mara-tha-wada) i.e. area around Hingoli〕 Later Maratha Empire comprised much of present day India. National Anthem of India includes Maratha region, "O! Dispenser of India's destiny, thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, the Maratha country, in the Dravida, Utkala and Bengal. Maratha meant person of Maratha country. In 1342, the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta referred to all the native inhabitants of Deogiri region as belonging collectively to the "tribe" of 'Marhatas', whose elite included both Brahmins and Ksytriyas.〔Ibn Batutta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1325–1354, trans. H. A. R. Gibbs (1929; reprint Delhi, 1986)227–228)〕〔A social history of the Deccan, 1300–1761: eight Indian lives, Volume 1 By Richard Maxwell Eaton, pg 191〕 Mahratta is an English corruption or misspelling of the word Maratha. Note "marhatta" is a mispronunciation of the word ''Maratha'', not the other way round. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marhatta country」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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